Description

What is a Charcoal Carbonizer

A charcoal carbonizer machine is used to create charcoal from solid or biodegradable waste. The entire charring process is taking place in an environment of isolation or lack of air. Materials are pyrolyzed into charcoal, smoke, tar, vinegar, and other products.
Our carbonization furnaces are mostly used to produce charcoal. The charcoal carbonizer furnace oven can directly carbonize tree logs, bamboo, branches, wood blocks, coconut shells, and other materials. The new environmentally friendly carbonization furnace generates dust- and smoke-free flue gas. The recycled flue gas can be burned similarly to the liquefied gas used by the machine to dry the charcoal.
When using this equipment to make charcoal, we recommend using materials no larger than 50mm in size. Although the carbonization rotary kiln has a drying function, we do not recommend carbonizing wet materials directly since it will reduce carbonizing efficiency and charcoal quality. As a result, it is preferable to ensure that the moisture content of the materials is less than 30%.

The Carbonization Process

The five stages of the carbonization process.

First stage: drying and dehumidifying
At this stage, the temperature is 120-150 °C, and the pyrolysis rate is very sluggish. The moisture in wood is evaporated by external heat, and the chemical composition of the wood material scarcely changes.

Stage 2: Pre-carbonization
The temperature is 150-280 °C at this point. The pyrolysis reaction of wood materials is visible, and the chemical composition of wood components begins to change. Unstable components such as hemicellulose pyrolysis produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a trace of acetic acid.

Because the above two phases require an external heat input to assure the growth of pyrolysis temperature, it is also known as the endothermic breakdown step.

Stage 3: Carbonization
The temperature in this stage ranges between 280 and 400 °C. At this stage, the wood material accelerates pyrolysis and produces a high number of byproducts. The liquid product comprises a significant amount of acetic acid, methanol, and wood tar. The carbon dioxide component of the produced gas product steadily drops, while combustible gases such as methane and ethylene gradually increase.
Because this stage generates a lot of reaction heat, it is also known as the exothermic reaction stage.

Calcination stage is the fourth stage.
The temperature rises to 400-600 °C. At this point, the charcoal is calcined to remove any remaining volatile compounds and raise the fixed carbon content of the charcoal.
At the moment, relatively little liquid product is generated.

5th stage: Cooling after carbonization
The charcoal can only be removed when the temperature falls below 50 °C; otherwise, the charcoal may relight or scald the operators.

The five stages listed above basically describe the entire carbonization process. There are various variances in operation and temperature fluctuations between different types of carbonization machines and different materials.